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Nephrophyllidium crista-galli (Menz. ex Hook.) Gilg
- Gilg, E. in Engler, A. & Prantl, K. 1895. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(2):105-108.
- Fauria crista-galli (Menz. ex Hook.) Makino
- Makino, T. 1904. Observations on the flora of Japan. Botanical Magazine Tokyo 18: 15.
- Villarsia crista-galli (Menz. ex Hook.) Griseb.
- Grisebach, A. 1839. Genera et species Gentianearum. p. 336-348.
- Menyanthes crista-galli Menz. ex Hook.
- Menzies, D. ex Hooker, W.J. 1830. Botanical Miscellany 1:45.
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| Menzies
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| On the western coast of North America.
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N. crista-galli subsp. japonicum (Franch.) Yonek. & H.Ohashi
- Yonekura, K. and Ohashi, H. 2005. A new name of the east Asian plant of Nephrophyllidium crista galli (Menyanthaceae). Shokubutsu kenkyu zasshi 80(3):186-187.
- Fauria crista-galli ssp. japonica (Franch.) J.M.Gillett
- Gillett, J.M. 1968. The systematics of the Asian and American populations of Fauria crista-galli (Menyanthaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 46:92-96.
- Fauria japonica Franch.
- Franchet, A.R. 1886. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, Ser. 7(10):140-142.
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| Faurie 813
| 06 Jul 1886
| Northern Nippon, to Mount Hakkoda, in the vicinity of Aomor.
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Nephrophyllidium crista-galli Gilg
- Gilg, E. in Engler, A. & Prantl, K. 1895. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(2):105-108.
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Kelch tief in 5 länglich-lanzettliche Lappen geteilt. Krone kurz trichterförmig, bis über die Mitte in 5 klappige, nur wenig an den Rändern eingeschlagene und ungewimperte, eilängliche, stumpfe Lappen geteilt, welche längs des Mittelnervs auf dem mittleren Teile der Kronenlappen eine deutliche, auffallende Hautleiste tragen. Stb. 5, in den Buchten der Kronenlappen inseriert, mit fadenförmigen Stf. A. herz- oder pfeil-förmig, intrors, beweglich, nach außen gekrümmt. Frkn. 1 fächerig, mit 2 deutlichen Parietalplacenten, am Grunde von 5 Discusdrüsen umgeben. Gr. kurz oder sehr kurz, oft fast fehlend. N. groß, schildförmig, kurz in 2 halbkreisförmige Lappen geteilt. Kapsel mehr oder weniger kugelig, nur sehr unregelmäßig an der Spitze aufreißend, mit ziemlich wenigen, etwas platten, mit glatter Samenschale versehenen S. - Eine ausdauernde Sumpfpfl. mit kriechendem Rhizom und abwechselnden, auffallend nierenförmigen, tief und grob gekerbten, vom Grunde an 7nervigen, sehr lang gestielten Basalb. Bl. weiß, an der Spitze des blattlosen Schaftes in kurzen, gedrängten, rispenartigen Cymen.
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Calyx deeply divided into 5 oblong lanceolate lobes. Corolla briefly funnelform, until over the center divided into 5 valvate, only a little at the edges hit and not ciliate, ovate, blunt lobes, which carry along the midvein on the middle part of the corolla lobe a clear, remarkable membrane. Stamens 5, inserted on the folds of the corolla lobes, with threadlike filaments. Anthers heart- or arrow-shaped, introrse, flexible, curved outward. Ovary 1-parted, with 2 clear parietal placentas, surrounded at the base by 5 disc glands. Style short or very short, often nearly absent. Stigma large, shieldlike, briefly divided into 2 semicircular lobes. Capsule more or less spherical, dehiscent only very irregularly at the apex, provided with rather few seeds, somewhat platelike, with smooth seed coats. - A persistent wetland plant with creeping rhizome and alternating, remarkably reniform, deeply and roughly notched, 7-veined from the base, very long stalked Basalb. Flower white, at the apex of the naked stem in short, pushed, paniculate cyme.
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1 Art N. crista-galli (Menz. ex Hook.) Gilg, im borealen Nordamerika, an der Küste von Britisch Columbia bis Alaska und in Gebirgssümpfen Japans.
| One species, N. crista-galli (Menz. ex Hook.) Gilg, in northern North America, on the coast from British Columbia to Alaska and in mountain sumps of Japan.
| | Anmerkung. Wenn man überhaupt die Gattungen der Menyanthoideae auseinanderhalten will, was ich bei den großen habituellen Verschiedenbeiten derselben (und bei den Gentianaceae bedeutet die Tracht sehr viel und macht fast überall den Hauptgattungscharakter aus) sehr befürworten mochte, so muss unbedingt diese Art sowohl von Villarsia wie von Menyanthes abgetreunt werden, da sie sich weder im Habitus noch in den Blutenverhältnissen an irgend eine derselben näher anschließt, ja sogar weiter von denselben entfernt steht als die beiden Gattungen unter einander.
| Note. If one wants to keep apart at all the genera of the Menyanthoideae, what I would much like to preface, with their large habitual difference (and with the Gentianaceae the tracht means very much and in nearly every case makes up the main generic character), then this species must absolutely be kept separate from both Villarsia and Menyanthes, since it follows neither of these the habit nor in flowering conditions possibly more near, as even from the same continues to stand the two genera with each other.
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Fauria japonica Franch.
- Franchet, A.R. 1886. Bulletin de la Societe Philomathique de Paris, Ser. 7(10):140-142.
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Rhizoma digiti fere crassitie, basi membranacea dilatata petiolorum anni praeteriti dense obtectum; folia longe petiolata, limbo subtus pallidiore, transverse latiore, basi aperte cordato, apice late emarginato, margine multi-crenulato; pedunculus e rhizomate ortus, basi squamis latis, fulvis, truncatis involutus, ad inflorescentiam usque nudus; inflorescentia saepius bifida, partionibus breviter paniculato-corymbosis, ramis et ramulis squama concava membranacea, ovata vel ovato-oblonga stipatis; pedicelli crassi, breves bracteolati; flores parvi lutei vel rosei (in sicco non patet); sepala ovata, obtusa; petala calyce subduplo longiora, crassa, ovata, apice cucullata; stamina petalis breviora, antheris fuscis filamento vix brevioribus; stylus stamina paulo superans, ovarii partem liberam aequans.
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Rhizome about 1 in in thickness, base membranaceous, dilated, densely scaled with yearly petioles. Leaves longly petiolate, blade paler underneath, broader transversely; base openly cordate, at the apex broadly emarginate; margin multi-crenulate. Peduncle arisen from the rhizome, with broad scales at the base, shining, truncate involute, bare up to the inflorescence. Inflorescence quite often bifid, with the partitions briefly paniculate-corymbose, branches and branchlets with concave, membranaceous scale, ovate or ovate-oblong stipitate. Pedicels thick, short, bracteolate. Flowers small, yellowed or rosy (not apparent in dried specimens). Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals less than twice longer than the calyx, thick, ovate, cucullate at the apex. Stamens shorter than the petals, with dark anthers scarcely shorter than the filament. Style surpassing the stamens by a little, equaling in length the free part of the ovary.
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Petioli 1-2 decim. longi, limbo 5-9 cent. lato, 3-6 cent. alto; pedunculi 2-4 decim., parte superiore tantum floriferi; pedicelli 6-12 mill.; flores diam. circiter 6-7 mill.; sepala vix 3 mill.; petala 6 mill.
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Petioles 1-2 dm long, blade 5-9 cm broad, 3-6 cm long. Peduncles 2-4 dm, flower-bearing on the upper part. Pedicels 6-12 mm. Flower diameter around 6-7 mm. Sepals scarcely 3 mm. Petals 6 mm.
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Nippon septentrionalis, ad montem Hakkoda, vicinitate Aomori; 6 jul. 1886 (Faurie, n° 813).
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Northern Nippon, to Mount Hakkoda, in the vicinity of Aomor; 6 Jul 1886 (Faurie, n° 813).
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Villarsia crista-galli Griseb.
- Grisebach, A. 1839. Genera et species Gentianearum. p. 336-348.
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Foliis reniformibus emarginatis crenatis, cyma terminali fastigiata, corollae albae basi et margine nudae lobis intus medio crista undulato-fimbriata obsessis.
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Leaves reniform, emarginate, crenate. Cyme terminal, fastigiate. Corollas white at the base and with bare at the margin, lobes set with a median, undulate-fimbriate crest.
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Adumbr. Rhizoma crassum, repens, vaginis foliorum emarcidorum late ovatis, alternantibus obsessum, radices filiformes simplices deorsum emittens. Petioli 3-4, 3-4 unciales; folium medio 1" longum, latere 15"' longum, 2-3" latum, obtuse emarginatum (divisionem in Men. trifoliata praenotans), dense et aequaliter grossiuscule crenatum, auriculis arcu obtuso a petiolo distantibus; nervi 7 primarii, palmati; superficies glabra asperiuscula. Scapus pedalis, teretiusculus, striatus; rami inflorescentiae congestae alterni; bracteae ovatae, obtusae, 4"' longae; flores 3-9, parvi. Sepala ovato-oblonga, obtusa, vix basi juncta. Corollae lobi ovato-oblongi obtusi. Germen ovatum, stylo brevi, stigmatibus oblongis. Semina badis, plana, laevissima, subdefinita, suturae affixa. Ceterum cf. Aut. cit.
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Adumbr. Rhizome thick, creeping, set with broadly ovate, alternate sheaths of [emarcidorum] leaves, emitting simple, filiform roots downwards. Petioles 3-4, 3-4 in; leaf 1 in [2.5 cm] long in the middle, on the side 15 lin long, 2-3 in broad, obtusely emarginate (recalling the division in Men. trifoliata), densely and equally rather grossly crenate, auricles in an obtuse arc distant from the petiole; primary veins 7, palmate; surfaces glabrous, slightly roughened. Scape 1 ft, rather smooth, striate; branches of the congested inflorescence alternate; bracts ovate, obtuse 4 lin long; flowers 3-9, small. Sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse, scarcely joined at the base. Lobes of the corolla ovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovary ovate, style short, stigmas oblong. Seeds [badis], flatt, very smooth, [subdefinita], affixed to the suture. Other cf. author's citation.
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Lusus. Folia haud emarginata, auriculis productis obtusissimis cum petiolo parallelis: latitudo 3-4", long. med. 1½", later. 2½".
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Lusus. Leaves hardly emarginate, auricles produced very obtuse, parallel with the petiole: length 3-4 in long, median 1.5 in, side 2.5 in.
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Patria. Paludes semiexsiccatae in demissioribus alpibusque summis Americae boreali-occidentalis. Hab. in ora maris pacifici pr. Edgecombe (Menzies!), in ins. Sitcha: lusus (Bongard!).
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Patria. Semi-dried marshes in [demissioribus] and alpine summits of northwest America. Lives on the coast of the pacific sea near Edgecombe (Menzies!), on the island of Sitka: lusus (Bongard!).
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Menyanthes crista-galli Menz. ex Hook.
- Menzies, D. ex Hooker, W.J. 1830. Botanical Miscellany 1:45.
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Gen. Char. Cal. 5-partitus. Cor. infundibuliformis, intus hirta (vel cristata). Stigma bilobum. Capsula bivalvis, valvis axi placentiferis.
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Genus characters: Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnelform, hairy (or crested) within. Stigma bilobed. Capsule two-valved, valves having placentae on the axis.
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Menyanthes Crista-Galli; foliis radicalibus longe petiolatis reniformibus crenatis, scapo corymboso, laciniis corollae undulatis cristatis.
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Menyanthes Crista-Galli. Radical leaves longly petiolate, reniform, crenate. Scape corymbose. Corolla lobes undulate, crested.
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Hab. In ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis. D. Menzies.
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Lives on the western coast of North America. D. Menzies.
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Radix horizontalis, crassa, fibrosa, superne squamis magnis, ovatis, fuscis, basibus vaginantibus petiolorum foliorum vetustorum. Folia omnia radicalia, longe petiolata, duas uncias longa, quatuor lata, reniformis, crenata, nervosa: petioli pollicares, superne canaliculati, basi insigniter dilatati vaginantes. Scapus pedalis teres, glaber, superne rubicundus. Flores corymbosi, pedunculis petiolisque bractea ovata munitis. Calyx profunde quinquefidus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis. Corolla infundibuliformis, alba, 5-fida, laciniis ovatis, acutis, patentibus, margine undulatis, superne lamella erecta undulata cristatis. Stamina 5, exserta: Antherae oblongae, flavae. Pistillum: Germen conicum. Stylus cylindraceus, deciduus; Stigma bilobum, flavum. Capsula conico-oblonga, calyce cincta unilocularis, apice dentibus 4 dehiscens.
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Root horizontal, thick, fibrous, with large, ovate, dark scales above, sheathing at the base of the petioles of the older leaves. Leaves all radical, longly petiolate, 2 in [5 cm] long, 4 in [10 cm] broad, reniform, crenate, veined: petioles 1 in, canaliculate above, sheathing at the dilated base. Scape 1 ped thick, glabrous, reddish above. Flowers corymbose, with peduncles and petioles having ovate bracts. Calyx deeply five-parted, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Corolla funnelform, white, five-parted, lobes ovate, acute, open, undulate at the margin, crested with an erect, undulate lamella above. Stamens five, exserted: Anthers oblong, yellow. Pistil: Ovary conical. Style cylindraceous, deciduous; Stigma bilobed, yellow. Capsule conical-oblong, surrounded by the calyx, unilocular, dehiscent at the apex by four teeth.
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This charming plant is another of Mr. Menzies's interesting discoveries on the north-west coast of America, growing in marshy mountain pastures in Prince William's Sound, and about Cape Edgecombe, in lat. 57°. The crest on the segments of the corolla in this species is exactly similar to that on the flowers of Roxburgh's Menyanthes cristata, which has also white flowers, but with the habit and mode of growth of a Villarsia. Here, however, there are no hairs upon the corolla, not even at the mouth of the limb, whilst in M. cristata that part is hairy.
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