Difference between revisions of "Scientific Communication and Ethics"
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Lectures, discussions and analysis and presentation of case studies in the areas of scientific ethics and communication with the media. Topics in scientific ethics include misconduct, fraud, plagiarism, authorship, intellectual property rights, and academic codes of ethics. | Lectures, discussions and analysis and presentation of case studies in the areas of scientific ethics and communication with the media. Topics in scientific ethics include misconduct, fraud, plagiarism, authorship, intellectual property rights, and academic codes of ethics. | ||
− | Meetings | + | '''Meetings 5:30 to 7:00 pm in TLS 301 on 29, 30 September, 1, 6, 7, and 8 October''' |
Discussions led by [http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_likens.html Dr. Gene E. Likens], Distinguished Research Professor | Discussions led by [http://www.ecostudies.org/people_sci_likens.html Dr. Gene E. Likens], Distinguished Research Professor | ||
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==Course Outline== | ==Course Outline== | ||
− | === | + | ===29 September 2009: Introduction and Organization to Scientific Ethics ― Conduct in Science=== |
− | + | Introduction | |
− | + | - Responsible Conduct in Science | |
− | + | ===30 September 2009: Scientific Ethics ― Conduct in Science=== | |
− | + | Misconduct and fraud | |
− | + | Falsification of evidence; deletion of “outliers” | |
− | === | + | Plagiarism |
− | + | Failures of Quality Assurance/Quality Control and methods of validation | |
− | + | Choosing inappropriate methods through ignorance or financial pressure | |
− | + | ===1 October 2009: Scientific Ethics ― Conduct in Science=== | |
− | + | Peer review; challenges for referees | |
− | === | + | Power and personal relationships |
− | + | Authorship and credit: assigning and responsibility at the beginning | |
− | + | Accountability | |
− | + | Codes of Ethics at universities and professional societies | |
− | + | ===6 October 2009: What is Scientific Ethical Behavior?=== | |
− | + | Pressure from funders to provide particular answers | |
− | === | + | Censorship, a growing problem? |
− | + | Challenges of “advocacy science” – how to respond? | |
− | + | Resisting pressures and still be successful | |
− | + | ===7 October 2009: Communication of Scientific Information=== | |
− | + | Intellectual Property Rights? | |
− | + | Federal Policies | |
− | + | Respect for ideas in collaborative research | |
− | + | Attribution of ideas | |
− | === | + | “Copycat” research proposals |
− | + | Relationship between a graduate student and a faculty advisor | |
− | + | Access to data | |
− | + | ===8 October 2009: Ethics and Communication of Scientific Information=== | |
− | + | Communicating with the public | |
− | + | Dealing with the media | |
− | + | Responsibilities to science and to the environment; dealing with conflicts | |
− | + | “Least publishable unit” | |
+ | Resources: | ||
+ | http://www.amazon.com/How-Know-What-Isnt-Fallibility/dp/0029117062 | ||
+ | http://www.amazon.com/Voodoo-Science-Road-Foolishness-Fraud/dp/0195135156 | ||
+ | http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12376658 | ||
+ | “Covering the Environment” | ||
+ | Aldo Leopold – A Land Ethic | ||
== See last year's outline [http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/index.php/Scientific_Communication_and_Ethics_2007 here]== | == See last year's outline [http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/eebedia/index.php/Scientific_Communication_and_Ethics_2007 here]== | ||
==Reading list== | ==Reading list== | ||
Alberts, B. and K. Shine. 1994. Scientists and the integrity of research. Science 266:1660-1661. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=B&aulast=Alberts&atitle=Scientists+and+the+integrity+of+research.&id=pmid:7992048 link] | Alberts, B. and K. Shine. 1994. Scientists and the integrity of research. Science 266:1660-1661. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=B&aulast=Alberts&atitle=Scientists+and+the+integrity+of+research.&id=pmid:7992048 link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Butler, D. 2008. Iranian paper sparks sense of deja vu. Nature 455, 1019 (2008) [http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081022/full/4551019a.html link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Butler, D. 2008. Entire-paper plagiarism caught by software. Nature 455, 715 (2008) [http://www.nature.com/news/2008/081008/full/455715a.html link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Carraway, L. N. 2009. Ethics for and responsibilities of authors, reviewers and editors in science. Am. Midl. Nat. 161:146-164. | ||
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. 1995. On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Second Edition. www.nap.edu | Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy. 1995. On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Second Edition. www.nap.edu | ||
+ | Couzin, J. Truth and Consequences. 2006. Science 313: 1222-1226. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Couzin,-Frankel, J. and J. Grom. 2009. Plagiarism sleuths. Science 324:1004-1007. | ||
+ | |||
Davis, G. 2005. Doctors without orders. [Highlights of the Sigma Xi Postdoc Survey]. Special Supplement to American Scientist (May-June), pp. 1-13. http://postdoc.sigmaxi.org | Davis, G. 2005. Doctors without orders. [Highlights of the Sigma Xi Postdoc Survey]. Special Supplement to American Scientist (May-June), pp. 1-13. http://postdoc.sigmaxi.org | ||
Eco-Ethics International Union. http://www.int-res.com [EEIU] | Eco-Ethics International Union. http://www.int-res.com [EEIU] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Economist Magazine 2008. Publish and be wrong. October 9, 2008. [http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12376658 link] | ||
Elliott, Deni and Judy E. Stern (editors). 1997. Research Ethics: A Reader. University Press of New England. | Elliott, Deni and Judy E. Stern (editors). 1997. Research Ethics: A Reader. University Press of New England. | ||
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Galindo-Leal, C. 1996. Explicit authorship. Bull. Ecol. Amer., October, pp. 219-220. | Galindo-Leal, C. 1996. Explicit authorship. Bull. Ecol. Amer., October, pp. 219-220. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Gilovich, T. 1991. How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. Free Press. New York. 224p [http://www.amazon.com/How-Know-What-Isnt-Fallibility/dp/0029117062 link] | ||
Gladwell, M. 2004. Something borrowed. (Should a charge of plagiarism ruin your life?) The New Yorker, November 22, 2004, pp. 40-48. | Gladwell, M. 2004. Something borrowed. (Should a charge of plagiarism ruin your life?) The New Yorker, November 22, 2004, pp. 40-48. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Hayes, R. and D. Grossman. 2006. A Scientist’s Guide to Talking with the Media. Practical Advice from the Union of Concerned Scientists. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ. | ||
Horn, K. 2001. The consequences of citing hedged statements in scientific research articles. BioScience 51(12):1086-1093. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=K&aulast=Horn&atitle=The+Consequences+of+Citing+Hedged+Statements+in+Scientific+Research+Articles&title=BioScience&volume=51&issue=12&date=2001&spage=1086&issn=0006-3568 link] | Horn, K. 2001. The consequences of citing hedged statements in scientific research articles. BioScience 51(12):1086-1093. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=K&aulast=Horn&atitle=The+Consequences+of+Citing+Hedged+Statements+in+Scientific+Research+Articles&title=BioScience&volume=51&issue=12&date=2001&spage=1086&issn=0006-3568 link] | ||
Institute of Medicine, National Research Council of the National Academies. 2002. Integrity in Scientific Research. Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct. | Institute of Medicine, National Research Council of the National Academies. 2002. Integrity in Scientific Research. Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Interlandi, J. 2006. An Unwelcome Discovery. The New York Times 10/25/2006 [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/magazine/22sciencefraud.html link] | ||
Kaiser, J. 2000. Ecologists on a mission to save the world. Science 287:1188-1192. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=J&aulast=Kaiser&atitle=TAKING+A+STAND:+Ecologists+on+a+Mission+to+Save+the+World&id=pmid:10712146 link] | Kaiser, J. 2000. Ecologists on a mission to save the world. Science 287:1188-1192. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=J&aulast=Kaiser&atitle=TAKING+A+STAND:+Ecologists+on+a+Mission+to+Save+the+World&id=pmid:10712146 link] | ||
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Kitcher, P. 2004. Responsible biology. BioScience 54(4):331-336. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=P&aulast=Kitcher&atitle=Responsible+Biology&title=BioScience&volume=54&issue=4&date=2004&spage=331&issn=0006-3568 link] | Kitcher, P. 2004. Responsible biology. BioScience 54(4):331-336. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=P&aulast=Kitcher&atitle=Responsible+Biology&title=BioScience&volume=54&issue=4&date=2004&spage=331&issn=0006-3568 link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Lawrence, P. A. 2003. The politics of publication. Nature 422:259-261. | ||
Lawrence, P. (2007) The mismeasurement of science. Current Biology, Volume 17, Issue 15, Pages R583-R585 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.014 link] | Lawrence, P. (2007) The mismeasurement of science. Current Biology, Volume 17, Issue 15, Pages R583-R585 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.014 link] | ||
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Likens, G. E. 1992. The Ecosystem Approach: Its Use and Abuse. Excellence in Ecology, Vol. 3. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany. 167 pp. | Likens, G. E. 1992. The Ecosystem Approach: Its Use and Abuse. Excellence in Ecology, Vol. 3. Ecology Institute, Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany. 167 pp. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Long, T. C., M. Errami, A. C. George, Zhaohui Sun and H. R. Garner. 2009. Scientific integrity: responding to possible plagiarism. Science 323(5919):1293-1294. | ||
Macrina, F. L. 2005. Scientific Integrity. 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. 402 pp. | Macrina, F. L. 2005. Scientific Integrity. 3rd Edition. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. 402 pp. | ||
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Minteer, B. A. and J. P. Collins. 2005. Why we need an “ecological ethics.” Front. Ecol. Environ. 3(6):332-337. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=BA&aulast=Minteer&atitle=Why+we+need+an+%E2%80%9Cecological+ethics%E2%80%9D&title=Frontiers+in+ecology+and+the+environment&volume=3&issue=6&spage=332&issn=1540-9295 link] | Minteer, B. A. and J. P. Collins. 2005. Why we need an “ecological ethics.” Front. Ecol. Environ. 3(6):332-337. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=BA&aulast=Minteer&atitle=Why+we+need+an+%E2%80%9Cecological+ethics%E2%80%9D&title=Frontiers+in+ecology+and+the+environment&volume=3&issue=6&spage=332&issn=1540-9295 link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Moller, A. P. 2005. Improving the processing of scientific misconduct charges: an eyewitness perspective. ISBE Newsletter (Supplement to Behavoral Ecology) 17(2):34-35.(See also related articles and emails) | ||
Mooney, C. 2005. The Republican War on Science. Basic Books, Cambridge, MA. 342 pp. | Mooney, C. 2005. The Republican War on Science. Basic Books, Cambridge, MA. 342 pp. | ||
+ | |||
+ | National Academy of Sciences. National Academy of Engineering. Institute of Medicine. 1992. Responsible Science. Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process. Vol. 1. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. | ||
National Academy of Sciences. 1997. Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend. [On Being a Mentor to Students in Science and Engineering]. National Academy Press. | National Academy of Sciences. 1997. Adviser, Teacher, Role Model, Friend. [On Being a Mentor to Students in Science and Engineering]. National Academy Press. | ||
+ | |||
+ | National Science and Technology Council. 2000. Federal Policy on Research Misconduct. [http://www.ostp.gov/cs/federal_policy_on_research_misconduct] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nelson, M. and J. Vucetich. 2009. Abandon Hope. The Ecologist (March 2009), pp. 32-35. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Park, R. 2000. Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud. Oxford University Press, New York. 230p. [http://www.amazon.com/Voodoo-Science-Road-Foolishness-Fraud/dp/0195135156 link] | ||
+ | |||
+ | Primack, R. B. 2009. Why did we reject your paper? (Editorial) Biological Conservation 142:1559. | ||
Resnik, D. B. 1998. The Ethics of Science. An Introduction. Routledge, London. 221 pp. | Resnik, D. B. 1998. The Ethics of Science. An Introduction. Routledge, London. 221 pp. | ||
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Shatz, D. 2004. Peer Review. A critical inquiry. Rowman and Littlefield Publ. Inc. NY. 247 pp. | Shatz, D. 2004. Peer Review. A critical inquiry. Rowman and Littlefield Publ. Inc. NY. 247 pp. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Seglen, P. O. 1997. Why the impact factor of journals should not be used for evaluating research. British Medical Journal 314:498-502. | ||
Shea, W. R. and B. Sitter (eds.). 1989. Scientists and Their Responsibility. Watson Publishing International. Canton, MA. | Shea, W. R. and B. Sitter (eds.). 1989. Scientists and Their Responsibility. Watson Publishing International. Canton, MA. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Silver, S. 2006. Gaming the impact factor. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4(6):283. | ||
Smith, M. F., V. T. Eviner, K. C. Weathers, M. Uriarte, H. A. Ewing, J. M. Jeschke, P. Groffman and C. G. Jones. 2005. Creating individual awareness about responsible conduct in research: A case study of one institution’s approach for researchers and administrators. J. Res. Admin. 36(1):21-25. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=MF&aulast=Smith&atitle=Creating+Individual+Awareness+about+Responsible+Conduct+in+Research:+A+Case+Study+of+One+Institution%E2%80%99s+Approach+for+Researchers+and+Administrators&title=The+journal+of+research+administration&volume=36&issue=1/2&date=2005&spage=21&issn=1539-1590 link] | Smith, M. F., V. T. Eviner, K. C. Weathers, M. Uriarte, H. A. Ewing, J. M. Jeschke, P. Groffman and C. G. Jones. 2005. Creating individual awareness about responsible conduct in research: A case study of one institution’s approach for researchers and administrators. J. Res. Admin. 36(1):21-25. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=MF&aulast=Smith&atitle=Creating+Individual+Awareness+about+Responsible+Conduct+in+Research:+A+Case+Study+of+One+Institution%E2%80%99s+Approach+for+Researchers+and+Administrators&title=The+journal+of+research+administration&volume=36&issue=1/2&date=2005&spage=21&issn=1539-1590 link] | ||
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Steneck, Nicholas H. 2003. ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research. (Office of Research Integrity) | Steneck, Nicholas H. 2003. ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research. (Office of Research Integrity) | ||
− | + | Stokstad, Erik. 2007. ORNITHOLOGY: Gambling on a Ghost Bird. Science 317:888-892[http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;317/5840/888?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Stokstad&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT] | |
− | + | Trevors, J. T. and M. H. Saier, Jr. 2008. Corruption and fraud in science. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 189:1-3. | |
+ | University of Zurich. 2001. Mission statement. Authorised by the Extended Executive Board of the University of Zurich on 16th January 2001. (Includes brief statement on ethical responsibility). Accessed 22 October 2008. [http://www.uzh.ch/about/basics/mission_en.html] | ||
+ | Waltz, E. 2009. Battlefield. Nature 461:27-32. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Warner, J. S., G. M. Lovett and J. Cadwallader. 1991. Scientists and journalists: A primer for scientists who talk to reporters. Bull. Ecol. Soc. Amer. 72(2):116-118. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Weissberger, E. 2008. The ethics forum: the ethics of environmental manipulations. Limnol. Oceanogr. Bulletin 17(4):103-104. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Young, J. R. 2001. The cat-and-mouse game of plagiarism detection. Chronicle of Higher Education, July 6, 2001. A16. [http://sfx5.exlibrisgroup.com:3210/uconn?sid=google&auinit=JR&aulast=Young&atitle=The+cat-and-mouse+game+of+plagiarism+detection&title=The+chronicle+of+higher+education&volume=47&issue=43&date=2001&spage=6&issn=0009-5982 link] | ||
+ | Ziman, J. 2000. Are debatable scientific questions debatable? Social Epistemology 14(2-3):187-199. | ||
[[Category:EEB Seminars]] | [[Category:EEB Seminars]] |