Phylogenetics: SMap lab

From EEBedia
Revision as of 16:57, 6 April 2020 by Paul Lewis (Talk | contribs) (Self-compatibility trait)

Jump to: navigation, search
Adiantum.png EEB 349: Phylogenetics
In this lab you will learn how to use the program sMap, written by Giorgio Bianchini and Patricia Sánchez-Baracaldo. sMap uses stochastic character mapping to assess correlation among discrete characters.

Download sMap

Login to Xanadu and request a machine as usual:

srun --pty -p mcbstudent --qos=mcbstudent bash

Use curl to download the tar-gzipped file sMap-linux-x64.tar.gz (note the L in -LO is important in this case because the URL involves a redirect that should be followed to get to the actual file):

curl -LO https://github.com/arklumpus/sMap/releases/download/v1.0.5-2/sMap-linux-x64.tar.gz

Unpack the tar file:

tar zxvf sMap-linux-x64.tar.gz

You can now delete the tar.gz file if you want:

rm sMap-linux-x64.tar.gz

The executable file sMap is buried inside the directory created when you extracted the tar file. You can either always specify the full path to this file when you want to run it, or you can use a couple of different methods to make invoking it easier. One of the simplest methods is to create an alias:

alias smap="$HOME/sMap-linux-x64/sMap"

Now typing smap at the console, whereever you are, will invoke the program (try it!). You can see any aliases you've defined by typing alias at the command prompt.

If you want your alias to be present whenever you login to Xanadu, you need to add it to your .bashrc file. The .bashrc file is one of those files beginning with a dot that are hidden by default, so you will not see it when you type ls in your home directory. You can see if you tell the ls command that you want to see everything:

cd
ls -la

Edit the .bashrc file (which may not even exist yet) and add (on a line by itself at the very bottom of the file) the same alias command that I specified above. This will be loaded the next time you log into Xanadu.

Downloading the data for the tutorial

Create a directory for this lab and navigate into it:

cd # to ensure that you are in your home directory
mkdir smaplab
cd smaplab

Download the Pontederiaceae data for the tutorial using curl:

curl -L https://github.com/arklumpus/sMap/blob/master/Tutorials/Tutorial8/Tutorial8.zip?raw=true > Tutorial8.zip
unzip Tutorial8.zip
rm Tutorial8.zip

Two traits

We will be interested in exploring the evolutionary correlation between mating system and self-(in)compatibility in the plant family Pontederiaceae. This lab is basically a shortened version of similar tutorials in the sMap manual. If it turns out that you want to use sMap in your own research, I recommend that you take the time to go through the tutorials in the sMap manual, which is exemplary in its combination of clear overviews of models and methods and detailed and extensive tutorials.

The Pontederiaceae is a family of aquatic flowering plants (monocots) that attracted the attention of Charles Darwin because of the presence of a form of heterostyly known as tristyly in some species. In tristylous species, individual plants produce one of 3 types of flowers:

  • style short and stamen filaments long and intermediate
  • style intermediate and stamen filaments short and long
  • style long and stamen filaments short and intermediate

Each of these morphs thus deposits pollen on a pollinator in locations that specifically physically preclude fertilization in flowers of the same morph, reducing the amount of self-fertilization at the expense of wasting some pollen. In some tristylous species, outcrossing is further promoted by self-incompatibility, which means that even if pollen were accidentally transferred from one flower to another on the same plant, no fertilization would occur. We might ask whether self-incompatibility and tristyly are evolutionarily correlated, and, if so, does self-incompatibility tend to evolve in already-tristylous species, or vice versa?

Mating system trait

The data for the mating system trait is in the file Pontederiaceae_flower.txt. The three states are

  • M: monomorphic (flowers are all the same)
  • E: enantiostylous (flowers are either "left-handed" or "right-handed" with respect to style position)
  • T: tristylous (flowers are one of the three types described above)

Self-compatibility trait

The data for the self-compatibility trait is in the file Pontederiaceae_self.txt. The two states are

  • C: self-compatible
  • I: self-incompatible

Note that data for both traits in all 24 taxa are in the file Pontederiaceae.txt.

Sequence data

Nucleotide sequence data from the rbcL and ndhF genes were used for a Bayesian MCMC analysis, resulting in 1000 sampled trees from the posterior (file Pontederiaceae.treedist) as well as a 50% majority-rule consensus tree (Pontederiaceae.tre).